Hrs Recognizes a Hydrophobic Amino Acid Cluster in Cytokine Receptors during Ubiquitin-independent Endosomal Sorting

Hrs makes receptors silent: a key to endosomal protein sorting.

The human body makes use of several control mechanisms to prevent cancer. Raiborg’s thesis work reveals detailed molecular insight into one of these processes, receptor downregulation. After a growth factor receptor has received a growth stimulatory signal, the activated receptor and its ligand are taken up into cells by endocytosis and transported via endosomes to lysosomes for degradation. Th...

Ubiquitin-independent binding of Hrs mediates endosomal sorting of the interleukin-2 receptor beta-chain.

Several lines of evidence have revealed that ubiquitylation of membrane proteins serves as a signal for endosomal sorting into lysosomes or lytic vacuoles. The hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs) interacts with ubiquitylated cargoes through its ubiquitin-interacting-motif domain (UIM domain), and plays an essential early role in endosomal sorting. Here, we show th...

Endosomal sorting of AMPA receptors in hippocampal neurons.

An important mechanism for the regulation of excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus involves tight control of AMPAR [AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid) receptor] trafficking to alter the number or subtype of synaptic receptors. This is achieved via the multiple stages of the endosomal system. AMPARs constitutively cycle through early endosomes and recyc...

-Arrestins in Endosomal Sorting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors

Microtubule-dependent endosomal sorting of clathrin-independent cargo by Hook1

Many plasma membrane (PM) proteins enter cells nonselectively through clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE). Here, we present evidence that cytoplasmic sequences in three CIE cargo proteins-CD44, CD98, and CD147-were responsible for the rapid sorting of these proteins into endosomal tubules away from endosomes associated with early endosomal antigen 1 (EEA1). We found that Hook1, a microtubule...